Shooting to begin on comprehensive new roofing courses

[Kenton H. Shepard, CMI]

After a year of research and writing, the comprehensive roof inspection certification courses are about to begin shooting.
InterNACHI and NACH TV have partnered to produce seven major roofing courses:

WIND & HAIL
This course is designed to teach home inspectors to perform onsite inspections for the insurance industry. InterNACHI has partnered and is working out the details with major insurance companies.

ROOF DEFECT RECOGNITION
This course is designed to teach inspectors how to inspect the five major steep slope roofing materials.

Asphalt composition shingles
Wood shingles and shakes
Concrete and clay tiles
Metal roofs
Slate roofs

Successful completion of these two courses will qualify the student as an InterNACHI-certified Roof Inspector.

We will also be producing individual courses on each of these five roof-covering materials which will each include wind and hail damage. Successful completion of all five courses will also qualify the student as an InterNACHI-certified Roof Inspector.

In adddition to video, we are working with a library of almost 7000 high-quality still photographs, most taken specifically for this course.

No other roof courses of this quality are available anywhere.

Here are the rough Tables of Contents for both main courses taken directly from the scripts

InterNACHI
WIIND & HAIL DAMAGE RECOGNITION


Hail Damage: Where and When?

DEFINING HAIL DAMAGE
1. Functional Damage
2. Cosmetic issues

HAIL DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS

PROPERTIES of HAIL
• Size
• Density
• Velocity
• Shape
• Directionality
• Angle of Impact

IMPACT ENERGY
• Size
• Density
• Free-fall velocity

PROPERTIES of ROOFING MATERIALS
• The type of roof-covering material
• Roofing material condition
• The nature of the substrate
• The part of the roofing material hit
• The temperature of the roofing material


HAIL RESISTANCE of ASPHALT SHINGLES

HAIL DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS of ASPHALT SHINGLES
· Hailstrike description
· Hail damage VS blisters
· Granule damage
· Asphalt
· Mat
· Roofing material condition

HAIL DAMAGE VS BLISTERS

GRANULES PROTECT from… 15
· Heat
· Abrasion
· UV

DAMAGE to the GRANULE LAYER 16
· Shingle properties
· Hailstone properties
· Wind-driven hail
· Roof slope orientation


ASPHALT
· Asphalt composition
· Exposed asphalt
· Fracture of the asphalt layer

EXPOSED ASPHALT 17
· Lack of studies
· Deteriorating forces
· Amount of asphalt exposed
· Varying intensity of deteriorating forces

HAIL DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS (cont.) 19
· Part of the roofing material hit
· Temperature
· Nature of the Substrate

MATERIAL PROPERTIES 20
· Hardness
· Flexibility
· Support
· Surface orientation

FORENSICS OF HAIL DAMAGE 21
· Spatter
· Source of damage
· Damage distribution
· Age of Damage

SOURCE OF DAMAGE

DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION
· Roof and collateral damage
· Directionality
· Random fall pattern
· Variation in damage size

AGE OF DAMAGE

INTENTIONAL DAMAGE to ASPHALT SHINGLES 23
· Patterns of damage
· Strike examination

BALL PEEN HAMMER 25

BALL PEEN DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS
· Exaggerated depth compared to hail.
· Uniform depth and diameter
· Possible crushed granules

Claw hammer

Coins

NON-HAIL DAMAGE 26
· Mechanical damage
· Environmental damage
· Manufacturing defects

MECHANICAL DAMAGE
· Tool damage
· Misc equipment

ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE 27
· Tree damage
· Moisture
· Ice dams

MANUFACTURING DEFECTS 29
· Spliced shingles
· Repeating defects
· Recognizable patterns

WEAR & TEAR 30
· Footfall
· Weathering
· Generic damage

ASPHALT SHINGLE: REPAIRS VS REPLACE 32

HAIL DAMAGE to WOOD SHAKE and SHINGLE ROOFS
Damage Definition
o Damage which exposes a fastener
o Damage which exposes underlayment
o Damage which shortens sidelaps joints to less than 1.5 inches
o An impact-caused fresh split or puncture

WALKING WOOD ROOFS 34

DOCUMENTING the SUBSTRATE

HAIL DAMAGE to TILE ROOFS
· Hail
· Footfall
· Shrinkage
· Installation
· Spalling

WALKING TILE ROOFS 35

HAIL DAMAGE to SLATE ROOFS 36

HAIL DAMAGE to METAL ROOFS 37

HAIL MYTHS
· Granule loss
· Thermal shock
· Vibration loosens fasteners
· Wood splits are always hail damage
· Wood roofs can’t be repaired
· Neighboring damage



WIND DAMAGE RECOGNITION 38

SCOPE of the WIND SECTION

VARIABLES AFFECTING WIND DAMAGE 39
Wind speed
Pattern of acceleration
Air density
Roof shape and slope
Roof height
Building orientation to prevailing winds

WHAT CAUSES WIND?
Differences in atmospheric pressure
Hurricanes
Mountains
Local storms

Hurricanes 40
Category One -- Winds 74-95 miles per hour
Category Two -- Winds 96-110 miles per hour
Category Three -- Winds 111-130 miles per hour
Category Four -- Winds 131-155 miles per hour
Category Five -- Winds greater than 155 miles per hour
Tornados
F0 65–85 mph (53.5% of all tornados)
F1 86–110 mph (31.6% of all tornados)
F2 111–135 mph (10.7% of all tornados)
F3 136–165 mph (3.4% of all tornados)
F4 166–200 mph (0.7% of all tornados)
F5 >200 mph (Less than 0.1% of all tornados)
FACTORS AFFECTING WIND SPEED 41
Exposure Category
Height above the ground
Wind speed
Wind speed VS wind load

HOW WIND CREATES DAMAGE 42
Uplift
Damage location
Positive pressure
Inflation
Missiles

WIND DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS 45
Direct and indirect damage
Determining wind direction
Material condition
Building characteristics
Mitigation factors

MITIGATION FACTORS 46
Roof type
Roof-covering material type
Air density
Wind acceleration patterns

PERFORMING a WIND DAMAGE INSPECTION 47
Confirming claimed damage
Inspecting elevations
Recognizing wind damage

LOOKING for WIND DAMAGE
Roofing on the ground
Siding and trim damage
Roof edges
Determine wind direction

WIND DAMAGE to ASPHALT SHINGLES 48
· Wind resistance standards

WIND DAMAGE to ASPHALT SHINGLES
Adhesive strips
Creased or broken tabs
Debris
Transfer
Affects of aging

WIND DAMAGE to ASPHALT SHINGLES 50
Shingle blow-off
Fasteners
Type and installation
Placement

INDIVIDUAL SHINGLE REPLACEMENT 52

WOOD ROOFS
Cap shingles
Fasteners
Loss of resistance

TILE ROOFS 53

SLATE ROOFS 54
Fasteners
Chattering


METAL ROOFS 54
Metal panels
Metal shingles



INSPECTING for HAIL DAMAGE 55
GROUND LEVEL INSPECTION
Collateral damage

IDENTIFYING ELEVATION DAMAGE
· Wall exteriors
· Other structures
· Free-standing components
· All materials

IDENTIFYING ELEVATION DAMAGE cont.
· Gutters
· Downspouts
· Windows and doors
· Siding
· Aluminum
· Vinyl
· Wood
· Fencing
· Painted surfaces
· Air-conditioner housings
· Metal electrical panels
· Personal property
· Window well covers

DOCUMENTING ELEVATION DAMAGE 60

PHOTOGRAPHING ELEVATION DAMAGE
· Establishing and closeup shots
· Use chalk to accentuate damage
· Air-conditioning units
· No damage

ACCESSING the ROOF
INSPECTION SAFETY
· Roof Safety Evaluation
· Gaining Access to the Roof
· Walking the roof

ROOF SAFETY EVALUATION 62
· Risk tolerance
· Roof Pitch
· Exposure
· Roof-covering Materials
· Personal equipment

GAINING ACCESS TO THE ROOF 64
· Window
· Ladder
· Valley access

INSPECTING the ROOF 65
· Roof & shingles gauges
· Number and type of layers
· General evaluation
· Ridge vent
· Test squares
· Test square location
· Marking the test square

LABELING DAMAGE 67

PHOTOGRAPHING the ROOF 68
· Roof overview
· Individual slope overview
· Slope damage
· Test square
· Damage within the test square
· Specific conditions

INTERIOR DAMAGE 69
Documenting damage
Intrusion pathway
Drywall
Insulation
Carpet

CALCULATING ROOF AREA 71

FORMULAS for CALCULATING AREA

CALCULATING INDIVIDUAL and TOTAL ROOF AREAS 77

ROOF AREA CALCULATION METHODS
Direct measurement
Factor method



InterNACHI
STEEP-SLOPE
ROOF EVALUATION

ROOF STYLES 2

ROOF FRAMING
ROOF FRAMING MEMBER IDENTIFICATION 4
Conventional roofs
Truss roofs

ATTIC AREA ROOF INSPECTION 10
Look for daylight
Check roof penetrations
Poor connections / improper fasteners.

ATTIC AREA ROOF INSPECTION cont. 12
Damaged framing
Inadequate fastening methods
Blocked ventilation
H-clips

EVALUATING ROOF FRAMING 13
Regional differences
Changing standards and practices
Varying quality of work

ROOF INSPECTION METHODS 13
Walking the roof
Alternative methods

SECTION QUIZ pg. 15

MOISTURE PROBLEMS 15
Material damage
Human health
Comfort levels

FORMS of MOISTURE 16
Liquid
Solid
Gas

MOISTURE MOVEMENT 17
Gravity
Thermal gradient
Pressure gradient
Concentration gradient

UNDERLAYMENT 19
The PURPOSES OF UNDERLAYMENT 19
Moisture barrier
Temporary protection
Preventing chemical degradation

PROPERTIES of UNDERLAYMENT 19
Permeability
Self-sealing
Self-adhering
Heat resistance
Fire resistance

TYPES of UNDERLAYMENT 22
Asphalt-saturated underlayment
Fiberglass-reinforced asphalt
Modified bitumen

TYPES of UNDERLAYMENT (cont.) 23
Rubber
Non-bitumen synthetics
Ice barriers

FACTORS AFFECTING UNDERLAYMENT 25
Climate Types
Roof condition
Roof pitch
Roof design
Roof-covering material
Builder’s budget

SECTION QUIZ pg. 26


FLASHING 26
IRC Requirements
Wall/ roof intersections
Changes in roof slope or direction
Roof penetrations

CHIMNEY INSPECTION 37
Height
Cricket
Exterior
Cap
Spark arrester
Flue

SECTION QUIZ pg. 40


ASPHALT COMPOSITION SHINGLES 40

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 41
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
UL (Underwriter’s Laboratory)
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)

TESTING 41
Tear strength
Nail-pull resistance
Fire rating
Hail damage

WARRANTY 45
Manufacturer’s warranty
Manufacturing process
Contractor’s warranty
Installation and workmanship

MANUFACTURER’S WARRANTIES 46
Wind warranty is separate and shorter
May not cover shingles before adhesive strips bond
May not include labor
May require certified installers and manufacturer’s materials
May be void immediately due to poor installation

TYPES of ASPHALT SHINGLES 48
Strip shingles
Laminated (architectural/dimensional) shingles
T-lock shingles
Calculating and packaging shingles

FIELD-CHECKING SHINGLE THICKNESS 50

SHINGLE MANUFACTURE
Mat
Asphalt
Backsurfacing
Granules
Adhesive strip
Cellophane strip

SHINGLE MANUFACTURE 51
Mat
Asphalt
Backsurfacing
Granules
Adhesive strip
Cellophane strip

ORGANIC AND FIBERGLASS SHINGLES 54

PROBLEMS with ASPHALT SHINGLES 56

DAMAGE DEFINITION 56
Functional damage
Diminishes water-shedding ability
Shortens long-term service life
Cosmetic damage
Visual problems
Marring

SECTION QUIZ pg. 56


LONG-TERM SERVICE LIFE 57
Shingle quality
Installation methods
Number of layers
Orientation
Directional orientation

LONG-TERM SERVICE LIFE cont. 58
Roof Design
Climate zone
Thermal cycling
Moisture

LONG-TERM SERVICE LIFE cont. 59
Roof structure ventilation
Roof color
Homesite conditions
Elevation
Quality of maintenance

SOURCES of DAMAGE 60
1. Installation
2. Weathering
3. Manufacturing defects
4. Environmental damage
5. Mechanical damage
6. Building design

SECTION QUIZ pg. 61

1. Installation 61
Building code
Underlayment
Shingles

UNDERLAYMENT INSTALLATION 65
Roof Slope Limitations
Steep Slope Roofs
Low-slope Roofs
Combination installations
Inspecting Underlayment

ASPHALT SHINGLE INSTALLATION 67
ROOF SLOPE LIMITATIONS- SHINGLES
Less than 2&12- NO
Between 2&12 and 4&12- Special underlayment requirements
4&12 & greater- OK
21&12- hand-seal

INSTALLATION METHODS, 68
Starter strip
First course
Overhang
Exposure
Offset
Valleys

RACKING 69
Potential problems
Poor joint alignment
Reduced wind resistance
Stress cracks
Poor color blends

FASTENERS 70
Fastener type
Fastener installation
Fastener placement
Holding power of the substrate

RE-ROOFING OVER EXISTING SHINGLES 75
More than two layers
Bridging and Nesting
Heavier roofing material

HAND-SEALING SHINGLES 78
Inadequate sealing
Rake edges
Valleys
After inspections
Defective adhesive strips

SECTION QUIZ pg. 79



2. WEATHERING 79

ASPHALT SHINGLE DETERIORATION 80
Shingle Life Cycle
Starts with packaging
Accelerates after installation
Slows after initial curing
Long, slow deterioration

MOISTURE and SHINGLES 82
Forms of moisture
Effects of moisture

The ASPHALT LAYER 84
Volatility
Drying and shrinking
Granule bond
Asphalt cracking
Increased brittleness
Ductility
Transition temperature

SHINGLE WEATHERING 87
New roofs
Uniform loss
Slope Orientation
Batch problems
Foot traffic

SHINGLE WEATHERING cont. 89
Craze cracking
Flaking and delamination
SECTION QUIZ pg. 90

3. MANUFACTURING DEFECTS 90
Types of Manufacturing Defects
Localized granule loss
Blisters
Spliced shingles
Spot defects

IMPROPER STORAGE 92
Staining
Bundle distortion
Sticking


4. ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE 92
Hail
Wind
Abrasion
Microbial growth

5. MECHANICAL DAMAGE 93
Tool damage
Impact
Abrasion
Marring

MECHANICAL DAMAGE cont. 95
Substrates

SUBSTRATE MOVEMENT 97
Roof structure assemblies
Differential expansion/contraction
Shingle splitting
Shingle buckling

SECTION QUIZ pg. 100



6. BUILDING DESIGN 100
Proper Roof Drainage
Attic Ventilation
Roof temperatures
Cools the roof
Helps prevents moisture problems
Lowers cooling bills

ATTIC VENTILATION 102
COOLING SEASON
Keeping shingles cool
Reducing thermal cycling
Reducing home heating costs
HEATING SEASON
Moisture problems
Ice dams


ATTIC VENTILATION STRATEGIES 106
PASSIVE VENTILATION SYSTEMS 104
ACTIVE VENTILATION SYSTEMS 106

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 110
Valleys
Gutters
Downspouts
Scuppers
Roof drains

COSMETIC ISSUES 114

GRANULE-RELATED PROBLEMS
MANUFACTURING VARIATIONS
BIOLOGICAL GROWTH
ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES 115
SECTION QUIZ pg. 119

INSPECTING ASPHALT SHINGLES 119
Walking the perimeter
Walking the roof
Determining the age of damage

ROLL ROOFING 121
Underlayment requirements
Installation requirements
Roll Roofing Requirements


WOOD SHAKES and SHINGLES 122

SHAKE AND SHINGLE TYPES 124
Shakes
Shingles
Shake and Shingle Grading


SHAKE AND SHINGLE GRAIN EXPOSURE 125
Edgegrain
Flatgrain
Slashgrain


WOOD ROOF INSTALLATION 127


UNDERLAYMENT/INTERLAYMENT 128
Underlayment
Interlayment

FIELD INSTALLATION 130
Joint spacing
Shakes
Shingles
Sidelaps
Vertical joint alignment
Shingle width
Sidewalls

FASTENERS 132
Fastener types
Fastener schedules
Fastener-related Defects


WOOD ROOFS PROBLEMS 133
Weathering
UV radiation
Thermal cycling
Moisture cycling
Moisture erosion
Decay


COMMON WOOD ROOFS CONDITIONS (Cont.) 134
Rates of weathering
Distortion
Splitting


MECHANICAL DAMAGE 1356
Workmen
Chemical


ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 137
Biological surface growth
Decay
Identification
Causes


WOOD ROOF MAINTENANCE 138

CAP SHAKES AND SHINGLES

WOOD ROOF REPAIR METHODS

END of USEFUL LIFE 139



TILES ROOFS 139

TYPES of TILES
Materials
Profiles

TILE INSTALLATION 140

CONCRETE TILES 141

CONCRETE TILE INSTALLATION
Underlayment
Tile installation

CLAY TILE MANUFACTURING 142
Clay tiles
Vitrification
Porosity

CLAY TILE INSTALLATION 145

FIBER-CEMENT TILES

INSPECTING TILE
Walking tiles

Tile Forensics 146
Recognizing failure
End of useful life
Natural VS accelerated failure
Cracking
System failure VS localized failure


METAL ROOFS 148

STRUCTURAL and ARCHITECTURAL METAL ROOFING

Energy state of metals

CORROSION 149
Galvanic
Crevice
Filiform

METALS used for ROOFING 151
Naturally-weathering
Metal coated
Protective coated

NATURALLY-WEATHERING
Copper
Aluminum
Others

COATED STEEL 153
Barrier coatings
Galvanized coatings
Types of paint

GALVANIZED COATINGS 155

PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES 157

SURFACE DEFECTS

INSTALLATION 158
Steep Slope-Low Slope
Roof Sheathing
Underlayment
Fastening Methods
Types of Seams
Common mistakes

WALKING METAL ROOFS 161


SLATE ROOFS 162
Slate identification
Slate grades
Artificial slate

PROPERTIES OF SLATE 163
Quarry location
Color
Ribbon slates
Density
Slate lifespan

SLATE ROOF TYPES 164
Standard
Textural
Intermingled
Heavy
Graduated

MANUFACTURING VARIATIONS 165
Length
Width
Staggered butts
Cut butts

INSPECTING SLATE
Walking slate tile
Contractor or roof consultant?


SLATE DURABILITY 167
Weathering
Mineral impurities
Efflorescence
Delamination
Contributing factors
Fabrication
Installation
Maintenance

INSTALLATION 169
Slope limitations
Substrate
Underlayment
Starter course

INSTALLATION cont. 171
Fastening
Sidelaps
Exposure
Gable slates

INSTALLATION (cont.) 172
Valleys
Hips
Finishing course
Flashing

SLATE MAINTENANCE 176
Contractor qualifications
Repairs
Slate breaking at the eves
Leaks
Gutters
Cleaning slate


MISCELLANEOUS SLATE PROBLEMS 177
Leaks
Insects
Chattering

SLATE ROOF DESIGN 178

SNOW GUARDS


GENERAL INSPECTION RECOMMENDATIONS 179

PESTS
Insects
Raccoons
Squirrels
Bats
Birds


PHOTOGRAPHY 181

[Ed Bancroft]

Wow.........looks good!
Any time frame for completion ?

ed

[Kenton H. Shepard, CMI]

That's the big money question. It's a lot of shooting and editing. Early next year.

[Billy Boerner]

Originally Posted by kshepard

That's the big money question. It's a lot of shooting and editing. Early next year.

Kenton great stuff. Any idea how much this training will cost or will we get it for free as paid members?

[Kenton H. Shepard, CMI]

There will be a fee but it hasn't been established yet, Billy. Even through we're shooting, the courses are still under development. It's been a complicated process.