Aging in Place

by Nick Gromicko and Rob London

"Aging in place" is the phenomenon describing senior citizens' ability to live independently in their homes for as long as possible. Those who age in place will not have to move from their present residence in order to secure necessary support services in response to their changing needs.

The Baby Boomers

As the baby boomers age, the 60+ population will spike from roughly 45 million in recent years to more than 70 million by 2020. Research shows that baby boomers’ expectations of how they will receive care differ from that of their parents’ generation. Overwhelmingly, they will seek care in their own homes and will be less likely to move into congregate living settings.

Why do many senior citizens prefer to age in place?

Nursing homes, to many, represent a loss of freedom and a reduced quality of life. Here are a few good reasons why these fears are justified:

In 2007, inspectors received 37,150 complaints about conditions in nursing homes. Roughly one-fifth of the complaints verified by federal and state authorities involved the abuse or neglect of patients. Specific problems included infected bedsores, medication mix-ups, poor nutrition, and other forms of neglect.
The proportion of nursing homes cited for deficiencies ranged from 76% in Rhode Island to as high as 100% in Alaska, Idaho, Wyoming and Washington, D.C.
Many cases have been exposed in which nursing homes billed Medicare and Medicaid for services that were not provided.
A significant percentage of nursing homes had deficiencies that caused immediate jeopardy or actual harm to patients.

Aging-in-Place Inspections

Inspectors may recommend corrections and adaptations to the home to improve maneuverability, accessibility, and safety for elderly occupants. Some such alterations and recommendations for a home are as follows:

Appliances

microwave oven in wall or on counter;
refrigerator and freezer side by side;
side-swing or wall oven;
controls that are easy to read;
raised washing machine and dryer;
front-loading washing machines;
raised dishwasher with push-button controls;
stoves having electric cooktops with level burners for safely transferring between the burners; front controls and downdraft feature to pull heat away from user; light to indicate when surface is hot; and
replace old stoves with induction cooktops to help prevent burns.

Bathroom

fold-down seat installed in the shower;
adjustable showerheads with 6-foot hose;
light in shower stall;
wall support, and provision for adjustable and/or varied-height counters and removable base cabinets;
contrasting color edge border at countertops;
at least one wheelchair-maneuverable bath on main level;
bracing in walls around tub, shower, shower seat and toilet for installation of grab bars;
if stand-up shower is used in main bath, it is curbless and wide;
low bathtub;
toilet higher than standard toilet, or height-adjustable;
design of the toilet paper holder allows rolls to be changed with one hand;
wall-hung sink with knee space and panel to protect user from pipes; and
slip-resistant flooring in bathroom and shower.

Counters

base cabinet with roll-out trays;
pull-down shelving;
wall support, and provision for adjustable and/or varied-height counters and removable base cabinets;
upper wall cabinetry lower than conventional height;
accented stripes on edge of countertops to provide visual orientation to the workspace;
counter space for dish landing adjacent to or opposite all appliances;
glass-front cabinet doors; and
open shelving for easy access to frequently used items.

Exterior

low-maintenance exterior (vinyl, brick, etc); and
low-maintenance shrubs and plants.

Entry

sensor light at exterior no-step entry focusing on the front-door lock;
non-slip flooring in foyer;
accessible path of travel to the home;
at least one no-step entry with a cover;
entry door sidelight or high/low peep hole viewer; sidelight should provide both privacy and safety;
doorbell in accessible location; and
a surface on which to place packages while opening door.

Electrical, Lighting, Safety and Security

install new smoke and CO detectors;
install automated lighting, an emergency alert system, or a video-monitoring system;
easy-to-see and read thermostats;
light switches by each entrance to halls and rooms;
light receptacles with at least two bulbs in vital places (exits, bathroom);
light switches, thermostats and other environmental controls placed in accessible locations no higher than 48 inches from floor;
move electrical cords out of the flow of traffic;
replace standard light switches with rocker or touch-light switches; and
pre-programmed thermostats.

Faucets

thermostatic or anti-scald controls;
lever handles or pedal-controlled; and
pressure-balanced faucets.

Flooring

if carpeted, use low-density with firm pad;
smooth, non-glare, slip-resistant surfaces, interior and exterior; and
color and texture contrast to indicate change in surface levels.

Hallways

wide;
well-lit; and
fasten down rugs and floor runners, and remove any that are not necessary.

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

install energy-efficient units;
HVAC should be designed so filters are easily accessible; and
windows that can be opened for cross-ventilation and fresh air.

Miscellaneous

30-inch by 48-inch clear space at appliances, or 60-inch diameter clear space for turns;
multi-level work areas to accommodate cooks of different heights;
loop handles for easy grip and pull;
pull-out spray faucet;
levered handles;
in multi-story homes, laundry chute or laundry facilities in master bedroom;
open under-counter seated work areas; and
placement of task lighting in appropriate work areas.

Overall Floor Plan

main living on a single story, including full bath;
5-foot by 5-foot clear turn space in living area, kitchen, a bedroom and a bathroom; and
no steps between rooms on a single level.

Reduced Maintenance and Convenience Features

easy-to-clean surfaces;
built-in recycling system;
video phones;
central vacuum;
built-in pet feeding system; and
intercom system.

Stairways, Lifts and Elevators

adequate hand rails on both sides of stairway;
residential elevator or lift; and
increased visibility of stairs through contrast strip on top and bottom stairs, and color contrast between treads and risers on stairs with use of lighting.

Storage

lighting in closets;
adjustable closet rods and shelves; and
easy-open doors that do not obstruct access.

Windows

plenty of windows for natural light;
low-maintenance exterior and interior finishes;
lowered windows, or taller windows with lower sill height; and
easy-to-operate hardware.

Advice for those who wish to age in place:

Talk with family members about your long-term living preferences. Do you want to downsize to a smaller single-family home, or do you plan to stay put in your traditional family home?
Take a look at your finances and retirement funds. With your current savings and assets, will you be able to pay for home maintenance? Consider starting a separate retirement savings account strictly for home maintenance.
Remodel your home before your mobility becomes limited. As you age, changes in mobility, hearing, vision and overall health and flexibility will affect how easily you function in your home. Consider making your home “age-friendly” as a phased-in and budgeted home improvement, rather than waiting until you need many modifications at a time due to a health crisis.
If you decide before you retire that you want to live in your current home through the remainder of life, consider paying for “big ticket – long life” home projects while you still have a healthy income. Such items may include having the roof assessed or replaced, replacing and upgrading the water heater or cooling unit, completing termite inspections and treatment, having a septic tank inspection and replacement, as needed, and purchasing a riding lawn mower.
InterNACHI advocates healthy living, as it plays a vital role in your ability to age in place. Most seniors leave their homes due to functional and mobility limitations that result from medical crises, and an inability to pay for support to stay with them in their home. Effectively managing health risks and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help you stay strong, age well, and live long at your own home.

In summary, aging in place is a way by which senior citizens can avoid being dependent on others due to declining health and mobility.

InterNACHI's Aging-in-Place Inspection Checklist (PDF)

Aging-in-Place flyer:

Download it from http://www.nachi.org/marketing-library.htm

International Association of Certified Home Inspectors

Aging in Place

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